new york cities population in 2009
Earthquake
January 12, 2010 16:53, 15 miles WSW of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the ground began to shake with an earthquake of magnitude 7.0. 8 miles below land, surface-Plantain Garden fault Enriquillo slid the Caribbean Plate to the east against the North American plate.
Undecided historical earthquakes associated with this fault occurred in 1860, 1770, 1761, 1751, 1684, 1673 and 1618. An earthquake of magnitude 5.9 occurred after the crash at 5:00 pm followed by another of magnitude 5.5 at 5:12 PM and after a magnitude 5.7 two minutes after midnight. Eight days later, on January 20 at 6:03 am, a magnitude 6.1 has beaten again 35 miles WSW of Port-au-Prince.
The problem with earthquakes is the time between them. Generations can take a big hit again. People become lax building codes and disaster relaxed.
Richter Scale, which showed the magnitude of an earthquake doubles for each increase of 0.2. By example, an earthquake of 7.0 is 32 times stronger than an earthquake of 6.0. The crust is only 6.5 kilometers thick in the middle of the ocean and an average of only 25 kilometers thick under the land masses. Think of the bark of the skin of an apple, then imagine the dryness and wrinkles apple. Well, not quite how happens, but it seems that way.
The crust is composed of large plates that are in constant motion. The problem is that they move in directions different. When the plates grind against each other have a fault and earth tremors. In other places one plate can be forced under another plate called subduction zones.
The subduction zone where the Chile Ridge oceanic plate is passing under the South American plate has created the biggest earthquake. On May 22, 1960, an earthquake of magnitude 9.5 occurred off the coast of Chile. The abrupt change in the ocean created massive tsunamis in the Pacific.
Subduction zones are in the deep valleys of the oceans and the result in most deaths from the tsunami.
What motivates these plates? This will be the main force mighty in the land, the Mid-Atlantic. Atlantic Ridge is a mountain range that extends to half the world. From north to south by the Atlantic Ocean. The bill is and more through volcanoes along the center of its length, pushing the plate northwest U.S. and the Eurasian plate.
The question is where the peak is result of the two plates apart or causes the plates to move.
The core of the earth is like a boiling pot, heat up to the surface and cooler areas falling toward the center. Convection heat convection and the Earth core units in the mantle of others. The part of the mantle, is closest to the skin plastic and flows easily. The convection drives plate tectonics of the mantle of the sea and continents. Even is by convection and ocean currents are not all the courses in the same direction. These rivers of lava that pushes against the backdrop of mountains and continents or move the continental plates. An excellent article in the Earth's interior and plate tectonics can be found in http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earthint.htm .
The Pacific Ring of Fire is the earthquake zone and the most active volcano in the world. The increase in the Pacific is growing and continents America and Asia are pushing toward each other to create the ring of fire around the Pacific, with subduction zones on both sides of the ocean.
uprising and folding mountain
With all the pressure applied to the edges of some continents, mountains are pushed and others who have been eroded by floating back to stabilize the lower mantle of the ocean. The result of many small earthquakes in the eastern United States and elsewhere. This mountain lift defects created along the flanks of the mountain and, of course, this means caves are formed in the groove formed by this activity. As my hobby is caving, I special interest in this activity. Cavers said they did not realize an earthquake on a tour of the cave, even though the earthquake was near. All rocks are moving together and be inside you have no baseline to measure the movement. Of course, in general are of a magnitude of 3 or less. We see much evidence of a fault in the grottos and sometimes give clues about the way to further explore the cave. There have been freak accidents, where large rocks fell onto the cavers who may have been caused by small tremors.
The Lake County uplift, about 31 miles long and 14 miles and distorts the Mississippi Valley to 32 meters in some parts of south-western Kentucky, in southeastern Missouri, Tennessee and Northwestern. Tiptonville Dome is the largest and highest elevation topography of Lake County. It is 8.7 miles wide and 6.8 miles long. The growth of the dome took place during the 1811-1812 earthquakes. The floor has been installed east of the Tiptonville dome over the same period and was Reelfoot Lake. Some areas dropped as much as 16 feet. This region is also known as the New Madrid Seismic Zone, the New Madrid fault line Reelfoot Rift.
The most documented and accurate prediction of an earthquake is the earthquake of December 16, 1811. The first quake was a magnitude around 8.1, followed by four earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 or greater other February 7, 1812. The area of strong shaking associated with these shocks is two to three times greater than that of the earthquake 1964 in Alaska and 10 times that of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco.
Tecumseh was born March 9, 1768 under a shooting star called the panther, its name means through panther-heaven. As a prelude to the War of 1812 Tecumseh was well known as a diplomat, a peacemaker and a prophet. He predicted the day of the first long series earthquakes months in advance. It was the signal for all Indian tribes go to war with the whites. An accurate account of events can be found in the book's narrative Frontiersmen by Allan W. Eckert.
In December 1809, Tecumseh planned to visit each count of all the tribes tried to pick up. But before leaving, he gave strict instructions his younger brother to go to the forest and a large number of sacred plates. Each slab had the same length, thickness and movement, and everyone should have engraved on one side, the same symbols. Should be made of red cedar and all must be provided with a package of red bars. Each bar is to represent the moon, and when the beam and the slab has been a leader particular, it would be a red drop sticks at each full moon, until the table was maintained, to which they must prepare for the big record. The symbols, known only by the Indians on both sides of the Mississippi River to go directly to Detroit to take over. While traveling through the southern tribes and handed the plates and packages, the packages are becoming smaller, so it was time that everything would run out of sticks together.
Gran Guerrero, head of the Upper Creek, the village in the Tallapoosa River Tuckabatchee has been difficult to convince. Tecumseh said that as a sign that would Tuckabatchee and go to Detroit. When I arrive, I mark on the ground with his foot, and shake each Tuckagatchee home! Great Warrior has decided to continue as long as this happened.
When all the tribes were batting down color red for the last time said they would give a signal for six days. A huge star in the sky flashing. They were then split the last at bat thirty parts equal. Each day thereafter, a Thede parts would be burned in the light of dawn, but the thirtieth and final piece was to be burned in the middle of the night. Then come the great sign that he had spoken. Here are converging on Fort Malden British on Lake Erie.
Saturday, November 16 1811
Under a clear, crisp squat, India. No fires were lit not to interfere with the signal. There was no moon and stars shone. From southern Canada, western New York and Pennsylvania, was seen. In Ohio and Indiana Territory land between the lakes and the lands west of the lakes were. Along the Mississippi and Missouri and farther west, they saw. In Tennessee and Alabama and Mississippi country, they saw. And each leader was to keep the red stick final.
Just before midnight, he arrived – a great flash burn off the south-west incredibly bright with a strange greenish-white light, fast and impressive as the heads of the hundred thousand Indians turn to see their progress in the sky until it disappears in the northeast.
Many leaders broke their sticks on his knees and puts in fear and anger. But there were some who carefully measured, marked it off with a bit of charcoal wood, and cut into thirty equal parts. And then waited.
Monday, December 16, 1811
At 2:30 am the earth shook.
In southern Canada, in the villages of the Iroquois, Ottawa, Chippewa and Huron, there was a deep and terrifying roar. Creek banks and large fallen trees assigned in an accident is still broken branches.
Through the Great Lakes, but especially Lake Michigan and Lake Erie waves, water and large irregularly broken danced on the banks, but there was no wind.
In the plains Western, there was a fierce grinding noise and a tremor, which shook the bones and put the teeth. pottery and large herds of bison on their feet and pushing staggered abject panic.
To the south and west, large rocks stand out in the hills and cut strips between the trees and brush in the background. Corrientes stopped and turned quickly, and some of them suddenly dried up and the fish that had lived their lives in that flop in the mud or rocky bottoms.
In the south, the forests as a whole tangles decreased incredible. New River, where he rose there was nothing. In the village of Upper Creek Tuckabatchee each house shook, then collapsed on itself and its inhabitants.
To the south and east, palm hit on like whips, and the lakes drain its waters, while the ponds appeared in huge hillsides suddenly shook the earth's surface.
Everyone on earth, the birds were taken from his perch with cries of terror and flapping their wings. Cattle screamed and kicked, lost his footing and was thrown to the ground and writhed, unable to regain its equilibrium.
In Kentucky, settlers from Tennessee and the Territory Indiana, were thrown from their beds, heard the wooden huts outside their keys and watched the bricks fall in a heap of ruins hidden in the clouds of choking dust. Bridges broke and fell into rivers and streams. Broken glass, fences and barns collapsed and fires broke out. Along the steep canyons, cliffs slipped and filled their depths, and has been blanketing the country with a deafening roar.
In the center of everything in this area where the Ohio meets the Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois and together, they split appeared in the fantasy land and vast tracts of land have been swallowed. A few miles of the Mississippi, near the border of Kentucky and Tennessee, a section of the earth sank monstrous, like a giant had stepped foot in soft ground and turns. The water flowed in large volumes and depression is filled and became a large lake, to be known as Reelfoot Lake. All the central part of Mississippi twisted and pushed and huge cliffs plunged into the muddy waters. entire areas of land have been flooded, and others who had been bed of the river have been in the air. Mississippi She turned and sank for some time. He turned round and hissed and gurgled, and finally, when he moved, the face of the earth had changed. New Madrid was destroyed and tens of thousands of acres of land, including almost everything that belonged to Simon Kenton, forever gone, what remained was ugly and austere.
Such was the great sign of Tecumseh.
This was the earthquake that occurred in the absence of tremor that had never been recorded before, where there was no scientific explanation for such a thing happens, where no one can predict that a cold or earthquake could occur. Nobody, except for Tecumseh.
And if they were only a small percentage of those who had committed to do so, however, a number of warriors from several tribes gathered with their arms and immediately began to join the Shawnee chief surprising near Detroit.
From the book The Frontiersmen by Allan W. Echert.
The second earthquake occurred at 8:15 am on December 16, 1811 with approximately the same magnitude.
The earthquake occurred at noon third, December 16, 1811 also in the same order of magnitude.
Etc. The earthquake occurred at 9.00 am on January 23, 1812 with a magnitude of 7.8.
And the fifth earthquake at 3:45 am on February 7, 1812 earthquake, had several destructive shocks February 7, the last of which were equal to or greater than the magnitude of a preceding event. The City of New Madrid was destroyed. In St. Louis, many houses were severely damaged, and chimneys were thrown down.
For nearly two years of strong aftershocks were felt in the region and smaller earthquakes are are still produced today. Five cities disappeared, Little Prairie, Missouri and Arkansas remote village of Grand Prairie (Refurbished as Helena) and New Madrid. Fort Jefferson, Kentucky also deceased, but only few people lived there at that time. New Madrid had the largest population and has been rebuilt farther north in the new Mississippi bank with a population of 1,548. To give you an ideal of the population density of the population of San Luis after the earthquake was only 3149, 2026 Cape Girardeau, Ste Genevieve and San Carlos 1701 1096.
The earthquakes were felt in 28 states and the District of Columbia.
Earthquakes and people
New York City, New York City
August 10 at 19:07 UTC
Magnitude 5.5
This violent earthquake affected an area that extends approximately along the Atlantic coast of southern Maine to central and western Virginia Cleveland, Ohio. Chimneys were knocked down and the walls were cracked in several states, including Connecticut, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Many cities in Hartford, Connecticut, West Chester, Pennsylvania.
The serious damage to Amityville and Jamaica, New York, where several chimneys "backwards" and large cracks in the walls. Two chimneys were thrown down and the bricks were shaken from chimneys others in Stratford (Fairfield County), Connecticut, the Housatonic River water stirred violently. A Bloomfield, New Jersey, and Chester, Pa., several fireplaces were sacrificed and the pieces. Fireplaces also damaged in Mount Vernon, New York, and Allentown, Easton, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania crashes, three deaths occurred, the second of which was the most violent. The earth tremor was also reported felt in Vermont, Virginia and Washington, DC small aftershocks were reported several 11 August.
Source: Carl W. Stover and Jerry L. Coffman, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527
People seem to accumulate in areas prone land earthquakes. Maybe it's because of the bays and channels.
formed by the faults. A flaw in the crust along 125th Street and New York known as the 125th Street fault. The fault line deep valley fails to require the IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line to become a trestle bridge between 122nd and 135th Street. The street in the 18th century has been called the sunken road.
Compare U.S. population density damaging earthquakes and can see clearly that we live in all places wrong.
As recently as 2009, a slight earth tremor occurred in the area of New York.
Morristown, New Jersey, 34 miles from New York
February 3, 2009 at 3:34:19 UTC
Magnitude 3.0
A year later, 40 miles from Chicago, IL.
February 10, 2010 at 2:00:04 pm UTC
Magnitude 3.8
In regions poor areas where building codes are not the standards of the earthquake deaths much higher, even moderate earthquakes.
The earthquakes killed in the World:
Date
Location Magnitude Deaths January 23, 1556 Shansi, China 830 000 ~ 8 July 27, 1976 in Tangshan, China 255 000 [1] 7.5 January 12th, 2010 in Port-Au-Prince, Haiti 230 000 7.0 August 9, 1138 in Aleppo, Syria 230 000 na December 26, 2004 on the west coast of northern Sumatra 9.0 225 000 8562 Damghan December 22, Iran 200 000 nd 22 May 1927, near Xining, Qinghai, China 200 000 7.9 December 16, 1920 in Gansu, China 200 000 8.7 8932 March 23 Ardabil, Iran na 150 000 Kwanten September 1, 1923, Japan 143 000 7.9 5 October 1948 Ashgabat Turkmenistan, USSR 110 000 07.03 December 28, 1908 Messina, Italy 100,000 [2] 7.2 Chihli September 1290, China na 100 000 May 12, 2008 in East Sichuan, China 87 587 7.9 October 8, 2005 in Pakistan 80 361 7.6 Shemakha November 1667, the Caucasus na 80 000 November 18, 1727 Tabriz, Iran n 77 000 December 25, 1932 Gansu, China 70 000 07.06 November 1, 1755 Lisbon, Portugal 70 000 07.08 May 31, 1970 Peru 66 000 07.09 May 30, 1935 in Quetta, Pakistan 60 000 5.7 January 11, 1693 in Sicily, Italy 60 000 [2] n 1268 [3] Silica, Asia Minor 60 000 na June 20, 1990, Iran 50 000 7.7 February 4, 1783 Calabria, Italy 50 000 na
The largest earthquakes on the scale:
Magnitude Date Location May 22, 1960 Valdivia, Chile 9.5 December 26, 2004 in west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia 3.9 March 27, 1964 in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA 02.09 November 4, 1952 Kamchatka, USSR January 26, 1700 9.0 subduction zone Cascadia 9 [2] January 31, 1906 Colombia-Ecuador 08/08 February 4, 1965 Rat Islands, Alaska, USA 7.8 November 25, 1833 Sumatra, Indonesia from 8.8 to 9.2 [2] November 1, 1755 Lisbon, Portugal, 8.7 [2] March 28, 2005 in Sumatra, Indonesia 8.6 to 7.8 [2] March 9, 1957 Andreanof Islands, Alaska, USA 6.8 December 16, 1920 Ningxia Gansu China 8.6 August 15, 1950 Assam, India – Tibet, China December 16, 1575 8.6 Valdivia, Chile 8.5 United September 12, 2007 Sumatra, Indonesia 8.5 October 16, 1737 Kamchatka 8.3 Russian Empire [2]
1. Official. Estimated number of deaths as high as 655,000.
2. Dear.
3. No date available.
Source: National Earthquake Information Center, U.S. Geological Survey.
The largest earthquake in North America
Anchorage Alaska Earthquake
March 27, 1964, at 5:36 pm local time in Alaska, a magnitude 9.2 earthquake occurred in Prince William Sound. This was also the third largest in the world recorded.
This subduction zone has been created by the Pacific plate slides under the North American Plate 16 miles underground between Valdez and Anchorage. The dynamism of the fault has generated a tsunami that struck in Hawaii and the Pacific coast of North America. waves more than low ten feet high were reported as the ground turned to liquid and become unstable. In Anchorage, tension cables in concrete buildings later became missiles fired at the building and flew through the blocks. Some of the main street was plunged into a hole 10 feet and major damage to buildings within a radius of 30 blocks. Air traffic control tower collapsed and water, sewers, broken gas lines. Notable only nine deaths have been reported.
Twenty-eight people died in Valdez, where the wave entered the harbor and picked up a shipment of thirty feet to destroy the platform. Twelve people died in fires were exploded Seward in an oil storage facility large.
Two canneries were exterminated in Kodiak and killed eight people. The tsunami travel about 400 miles per hour carrying 55 houses and damaged 375 more in Port Alberni, British Columbia, Canada. Twelve others died in Crescent City, California and four Dide Beverly Beach State Park, Oregon.
The deaths in Alaska were low due to the party on Friday, and low population density.
known earthquake North America
The San Francisco earthquake of 1906
The San Andreas Fault San Francisco care is the best known and most studied fault zone in the world. The earthquake of 7.7 magnitude 3.8 centered near Daly City, a suburb of San Francisco occurred April 18, 1906 and 5:12. There have been over Fire and 3000 thirty large number of deaths estimated 250,000 people homeless. 25 000 buildings in 490 city blocks were destroyed. The fires have burned for four days. The Bay area were on the ground have been carried out in the bay suffered the most damage. The fault rupture of the ground for 296 miles along the northern part of the San Andreas fault with a displacement of six meters on each side of the fault in the premises.
On October 17, 1989 at 17:04 local time, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred land ten miles north of Santa Cruz and became known as the Loma Prieta Quake or World Series. Failure was in parallel to the San Andreas fault and occurred early in the third game of the World Series. Millions of people watched the video and lost at the time of the earthquake.
Several years before the earthquake my family and I traveled overpass in the Nimitz Highway holidays while in the Bay Area, and I remember comment on what would happen if there was an earthquake and the upper level is low. I was glad to leave this way. Forty-two people were crushed in their cars on the viaduct when the roof collapsed.
A section of fifteen meters above the level of San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge also fell to the ground than below. Six people died in Santa Cruz were forty buildings collapsed.
Comets and earthquakes
The Great Comet of 1811 designated C/1811 F1 officially, it's a comet that was visible to the naked eye for about 260 days, a record that stood until the appearance of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. In October 1811, at its brightest, shows an apparent magnitude of 0 (equal brightness magnitude 0 star Vega, the brightest star Sirius has a magnitude -1.47) with easily visible coma.
From May to August, the comet's position, it was difficult to identify because of its low altitude and twilight. In September, Big Dipper He became a prominent object in the evening sky as it approached its perihelion: William Herschel noted that the long tail of 25 ° had developed 6 October.
In January 1812, the brightness of the comet had disappeared. Several astronomers have continued to get some telescopic observations months.
The Great Comet of 1811 was supposed to have an exceptionally high state of coma, perhaps reaching more than 1 million miles in width – fifty percent larger than the sun the comet nucleus was estimated then at 30-40 km in diameter and the orbital period was estimated at 3065 years. In many respects, the comet was quite similar to Comet Hale-Bopp: it has become particularly dramatic without being close to Earth or the Sun, but there was a very large and active nucleus.
From Wikipedia, the free free.
The comet was closest to Earth (1.22 AU) on 16 October. (AU equals the average distance between Earth and Sun.)
It is very interesting land that earthquakes 1811-1812 were identified by the Indians of North America, as predicted by the sign of the comet in 1811.
Conclusion
Earthquakes are a constant reminder of how young and fragile our home here on this earth is. When the Bible recommends the construction of his house on the rock, has a dual meaning. Not only a stable foundation for our homes, but the rock Christ as a stable foundation for our lives. As the moon pulls the ocean and creates the world tides, the moon also takes into molten rock under our feet, since pressure on the crust. These external forces can not be the cause of earthquakes, but could be the straw breaks the camel.
If we can learn to measure stresses in the crust, then look for things that trigger earthquakes, until one day we will be able to predict earthquakes.
About the Author
Hubert Crowell Retired and working part time. Hobbies are caving and propecting for gold. Please visit my web page at: http://www.hucosystems.com/
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